UkuPhakanyiswa kweMoto yePost ezine kuLungelelwaniso lwevili: Yeyiphi iNdlela yokubaleka, iTurntable, kunye neMiba eJacking ibalulekile?
UkuPhakanyiswa kweMoto yePost ezine kuLungelelwaniso lwevili: Yeyiphi iNdlela yokubaleka, iTurntable, kunye neMiba eJacking ibalulekile?

Impendulo ethe ngqo: Ukunyuswa kwemoto yeposi emine ifanelekile ukulungelelaniswa kwevili kuphela xa ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwe-rack luhambelana nomxube wesithuthi seworkshop kunye nokulungelelaniswa komsebenzi. Abathengi bafanele baqinisekise ubude nobubanzi bomgaqo weenqwelo-moya obusebenzisekayo, i-wheelbase kunye nogutyulo lwengoma, amalungiselelo angaphambili ajikajikayo, amalungiselelo epleyiti yokutyibilika yangasemva, iimfuno ze-rolling-jack, ukufikelela kwi-drive-on, i-bay dimensions, umgangatho kunye neemeko zamandla, kunye nokuba loo malungu olungelelwaniso aqukiwe ngokwenene kumfuziselo ocatshulweyo.
Lo mbuzo ubalulekile kwiivenkile zamatayara, iiworkshops zokulungisa iimoto, i-4S/amaziko eenkonzo zomthengisi, amaziko okugcinwa kwezithuthi, abasasazi bezixhobo, kunye nabathengi be-OEM bongeza okanye batshintshe indawo yokulungelelanisa. Inkonzo esemgangathweni enesithuba esine okanye ilifti yokupaka inokuphakamisa izithuthi ezifanayo njengendawo yokubeka ulungelelwaniso kodwa zingabi nayo ijiyometri yomgaqo weenqwelo-moya, iipokotho ezijikajikayo, iipleyiti zokutyibilika ezingasemva, ukuphakamisa okungamavili, okanye izibonelelo zofakelo ezifunekayo ukuze kuhambe ulungelelwaniso olugudileyo.
Chentuo iimpahla iilifti zemoto zezicelo zokusebenzela, kuquka i I-CT609 i-post-post hydraulic kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwemoto yombane. Idatha yemveliso yangoku iqinisekisa ukucwangciswa kwe-post-post lift, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ngokwayo ukuba i-turntables, iiplate ze-back slip, ii-rolling jacks, okanye ezinye ii-hardware zokulungelelanisa zibandakanyiwe. Ezo zinto mazingqinisiswe kwikoteyishini kunye nomzobo wemveliso.
Ingaba iFane-Post Lift ilulungele nini ulungelelwaniso lwevili?
I-lift iba yinto efanelekileyo xa isenza ngaphezu kokuxhasa isithuthi. Kufuneka ivumele amavili angaphambili ukuba aqhube ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha lokutshayela i-caster, avumele ukunqunyanyiswa okungasemva ukuba kuhlale ecaleni ngexesha leenkqubo zokulungelelaniswa, ukugcina isithuthi sizinzile kunye nenqanaba kwindawo yokusebenza, kunye nokuxhasa amanyathelo eenkonzo zeworkshop-free xa kufuneka.
| Phakamisa ubumbeko | Ukusetyenziswa kweworkshop eqhelekileyo | Ukulungelelaniswa koMngcipheko wokuFumana |
| Ukuphakanyiswa kwenkonzo yeposi yesine eqhelekileyo | Ukuhlolwa, inkonzo, umsebenzi ophantsi jikelele | Isenokungaboneleli ngeepokotho ezijikayo, iipleyiti ezityibilikayo, okanye ulungelelwaniso oluthile lwejiyometri yomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. |
| Ukuphakanyiswa kwezithuba ezine kulungiselelwe i-hardware yokulungelelanisa | Ulungelelwaniso emva kokufakwa kwehardware ehambelanayo | Umthengi kufuneka aqinisekise ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi ii-turntables, iipleyiti ezityibilikayo, izitshixo, izihluzi kunye neejack ezihambelanayo. |
| Gqibezela ubumbeko bolungelelwaniso-rekhi | Ibheyi yokulungelelanisa ivili | Isafuna isithuthi-imvulophu, ibheyi, umgangatho, amandla, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuhamba komsebenzi. |
Indawo yamava kwishishini: "Isithuba esine" sichaza uyilo lokuphakamisa, hayi ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa. Umthengi othatha yonke ilifti yezithuba ezine ilungelelaniswa-ulungele ukufumanisa i-hardware engekhoyo kuphela emva kofakelo.
I-Wheelbase yeSithuthi kunye nobubanzi bomkhondo kufuneka buwuchaze njani uMzila?
Qala nge-inventri yemoto yeworkshop. Rekhoda eyona wheelbase imfutshane nende, eyona ndlela imxinwa kwaye ibanzi, ububanzi besithuthi, ubunzima obupheleleyo/inkonzo yobunzima, ububanzi bamathayara, izithuthi ezingacocekanga kangako, nazo naziphi na izithuthi ezikhaphukhaphu ekufuneka zisebenzise ibheyi enye.
Umgaqo weenqwelo-moya wokuphakamisa kufuneka uxhase amatayara ngokuqhuba ngokupheleleyo kunye nendawo yenkonzo. I-hardware yolungelelwaniso lwangaphambili kufuneka ihlale apho i-asi yangaphambili inokufikelela kuyo, kwaye amavili angasemva kufuneka ahlale ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-slip-plate eluncedo kuluhlu olucetywayo lwe-wheelbase.
- Ubude bomgaqo weenqwelo-moya obusebenzisekayo, hayi kuphela ubude bokuphakama bubonke
- Ububanzi bendlela yokubaleka kunye noluhlu lwezithuba
- Ubuncinci kunye nobukhulu bewheelbase yolungelelwaniso oluxhaswa luqwalaselo lokugqibela
- Ukujongwa kobubanzi bomzila wemoto
- I-angle yendlela yerampu yezithuthi eziphantsi
- Ukucocwa kwee-bumpers, spoilers, exhauss, okanye ii-overhangs ezinde
- Ukuhanjiswa kobunzima besithuthi, hayi kuphela ubunzima besithuthi bubonke
Indawo yamava kwishishini: I-lifti inokuba nomthamo owaneleyo oreyithiweyo kodwa ingalungeli esona sithuthi sinesiseko samavili evenkileni okanye eyona ndlela imxinwa. Umthamo kunye nemvulophu yesithuthi zizigqibo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngawaphi amaBonelelo aJikwayo ekufuneka abathengi bawaqinisekise?
I-turntables yangaphambili ivumela amavili aqhutywe ukuba ahambe ngexesha leenkqubo zokulungelelanisa. Umthengi akufuneki abuze nje ukuba "iiturntable ziyafumaneka." Isicatshulwa kufuneka sichaze ukuba ngaba iipokotho ezijikayo zakhiwe kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya, ingaba ii-turntables zibandakanyiwe okanye azikhethwanga, uluhlu lwazo lwendawo ezisebenzisekayo, indlela ezitshixwa ngayo kwaye zivulwe njani, ukuba izigcwalisi ziphathwa njani xa ulungelelwaniso lungenziwa, nokuba ii-turntables ezikhethiweyo zihambelana nenkqubo yolungelelwaniso olucetywayo.
Umasifundisane kufuneka kwakhona uqinisekise ukuba indawo ye-asi engaphambili yezona nqwelo zimfutshane nezinde kakhulu zinokubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwii-turntables ngaphandle kokubekwa kwesithuthi ngokungakhuselekanga kwimigaqo yeenqwelo-moya.
Indawo yamava kwishishini: I-Turntable position ngumba wesixhobo sokusebenzela. I-turntable inokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kodwa isenokungasetyenziswa kumxube othile wesithuthi ukuba i-rack geometry ayibeki i-axle yangaphambili apho inkqubo yokulungelelanisa ifuna khona.
Kutheni le nto iipleyiti zesiliphu zangasemva zibalulekile?
Iipleyiti ze-slip zangasemva zivumela amavili angasemva ukuba ahambe ecaleni njengoko ukumiswa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kohlengahlengiso lwenziwa. Ngaphandle komsebenzi ofanelekileyo we-slip-plate, isithuthi asinakuhlala ngokwemvelo emva kohlengahlengiso, olunokuphazamisa inkqubo yokusebenzela nokuba umatshini wokulungelelanisa ngokwawo uchanekile.
Ukuthenga, qinisekisa indawo ye-slip-plate yangasemva kunye nohambo olusebenzisekayo, ukuba iiplate zivaliwe njani kwi-drive-on / drive-off, nokuba ziyingxenye yokuphakanyiswa okucatshulweyo, kunye nokuba uluhlu lwe-wheelbase oluxhaswayo luhambelana neenqwelo zevenkile.
Isixhobo sokulungelelanisa kunye nokuphakanyiswa kufuneka kuhlolwe kunye. eChentuo izixhobo zokulungelelanisa ivili icandelo limele icala lokulinganisa le-bay, ngelixa ukuphakanyiswa kufuneka kunikeze indawo yesithuthi somatshini kunye nokunyakaza okufunekayo ngokulandelelana komsebenzi okhethiweyo.
Zifuneka nini iiJacks eziRolling?
I-rack-post rack isekela isithuthi ngamatayara, efanelekileyo kumanyathelo amaninzi okulungelelanisa. Nangona kunjalo, iindibano zocweyo zihlala zifuna amavili asimahla kwitayara, iziqhoboshi, ukunqunyanyiswa, ukuqhuba, okanye inkonzo yangaphantsi. Iijekhi zebhulorho eziqengqelekayo zinokuphakamisa i-asi enye kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya ngaphandle kokususa isithuthi kwindawo yokulungelelanisa.
- Nokuba inkonzo yamavili yinxalenye yebhayi lokuhamba
- Zingaphi iijekhi eziqengqelekayo ezifunekayo
- I-asi ilayisha ezo jakhi kufuneka izibambe
- Uluhlu lweendawo zokuphakamisa olusebenzisekayo lwejack
- Ingaba iiadaptha ziyafuneka kwiifreyimu zezithuthi ezahlukeneyo
- Indlela ijekhi esebenza ngayo kwaye ihanjiswa ecaleni kwendlela yeenqwelomoya
- Nokuba ijekhi ibandakanyiwe, iyakhethwa, okanye ifunyenwe ngokwahlukeneyo
Indawo yamava kwishishini: Abathengi ngamanye amaxesha bachaza umthamo wokuphakamisa ngononophelo kodwa bashiye umthamo we-rolling-jack ungachazwanga. Ibhayi ke ixhasa isithuthi kwimigaqo yeenqwelo-moya kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza ngokukhuselekileyo inyathelo lokungaqhutywa kwamavili.
Kufuneka Uxube Lwenkonzo Lutshintshe Njani Ubumbeko Lokuphakamisa?
| Umxube Wenkonzo Yokusebenzela | Iimpawu eziphambili zokuQinisekiswa | Isizathu |
| Ulungelelwaniso kuphela | I-Turntable kunye ne-slip-plate ehambelanayo, ukugubungela umzila weenqwelomoya, indawo yokusebenza kwinqanaba | Ukuhamba kolungelelwaniso kunye nokumiswa kwesithuthi kulawula ukuhamba komsebenzi. |
| Ulungelelwaniso + itayara/inkonzo yeziqhoboshi | Iijekhi eziqengqelekayo, ukufikelela kwesixhobo, umoya/umzila wamandla, ukufikelela kumagcisa | Isithuthi kufuneka sisuke kumsebenzi oxhaswa ngamavili ukuya kumsebenzi ongenamavili ngaphandle kokutshintsha iindawo. |
| Umkhweli + umxube weSUV | Izithuba zendlela yokubaleka, ububanzi betayara, uluhlu lwewheelbase, ukukhutshwa kweendlela eziphumayo | I-rack kufuneka igqume zombini izithuthi ezimxinwa / ezilula kunye nezikhulu. |
| Abakhweli + ukukhanya kwentengiso | I-Wheelbase, i-axle-load/i-jack iimfuno, ububanzi bendlela yeenqwelo-moya, i-bay clearance | Izithuthi ezinkulu zinokuveza ijometri kunye nemida yenkxaso phambi kokuba umthamo wokuphakamisa uwonke ufikeleleke. |
| Ibheyi yolungelelwaniso oluphezulu | Ukutshixa ipleyiti ekhawulezayo/ukuvulwa, ukukrazula okufanelekileyo, ukuqhubela phambili ngokulula kunye nokuhamba kweengcali | Ukulibaziseka okuncinci kokuhamba komsebenzi kuyaphinda kwisithuthi ngasinye. |
Ukucwangciswa okuchanekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimodeli yengeniso yebhayi. Ivenkile eyenza ulungelelwaniso ngamaxesha athile emva kwenkonzo ngokubanzi inemiba ephambili eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwiziko elizinikeleyo letayara kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezithuthi ezininzi ngemini.
Ingaba indlela yokuSondeza kwiiRampu kunye neBay Dimensions iyichaphazela njani iThengo?
Umasifundisane kufuneka imephu yendlela yonke yesithuthi ukusuka kumnyango wevenkile ukuya kwindawo yolungelelwaniso lokugqibela. Jonga ububanzi bomnyango kunye nokuphakama, indawo yokujika, ubude be-ramp, i-angle yokusondela, ukuphakamisa imilinganiselo yonke, izikhundla zekholomu, i-walkways ye-technician, i-alignment-camera okanye i-target clearance, iikhabhathi zezixhobo, iiyunithi zamandla, kunye nesithuba esifunekayo ukusebenzisa ii-jacks ezijikelezayo.
Izithuthi ezingacocekanga zisenokufuna iindlela ezinyukayo ezinde okanye ezisezantsi. Izithuthi ezinde zinokungena kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya kodwa zisangqubana nodonga lwebhayi, ikhamera yolungelelwaniso, okanye ucango lokungena.
Indawo yamava kwishishini: I-lifti inokungena kwiplani yomgangatho kwaye isasilela ukusetyenzwa kwebhayi yokwenyani ngenxa yokuba isithuthi asikwazi ukujika kwiirempu okanye ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zokulungelelanisa zilahlekelwa ngumgama ofunekayo wokusebenza.
Ngawaphi amaNgeniso oMgangatho kunye noFakelo akwi-RFQ?
Umthengi kufuneka abonelele ngendawo yofakelo ekhoyo, ulwakhiwo lomgangatho kunye nemeko, i-slab/isiseko solwazi olufunwa ngumboneleli wesixhobo, umgangatho womgangatho, i-draining okanye imingxuma, ukuphakama kwesilingi, unikezelo lombane wendawo, kunye nayo nayiphi na imfuneko yomoya ocinezelweyo eyenziwe ngeejack okanye izincedisi ozikhethelayo.
Musa ukukopa umgangatho okanye iimfuno ze-ankile kwenye imodeli yokuphakamisa. Isiseko sofakelo lokugqibela kufuneka siphume kwimodeli ekhethiweyo yencwadana evunyiweyo okanye umzobo womthengisi.
I-Chentuo ipapashe isikhokelo ngaphambili umngcipheko wokuphakamisa imoto. Kwi-bay entsha yokulungelelanisa, ukulinganisa kufuneka kuthathwe njengenxalenye yokwamkelwa kofakelo kunokulungiswa okushiywe de kube iziphumo zolungelelwaniso zibonakala zingahambelani.
Imeko: Iworkshop iThenga iPost-Post lift kodwa ayikakwazi ukwenza iNkonzo yoLungelelwaniso olupheleleyo.
Imeko emeleyo - hayi ityala lomthengi waseChentuo.
Imvelaphi yeShishini: Ivenkile yamatayara ebonelela ngeemoto zabahambi, iiSUV, kunye neeveni ezikhaphukhaphu iceba ukongeza ibheyi yokulungelelanisa ivili. Umthengi ukhetha ukunyuswa kwezithuba ezine ngenxa yokuba umthamo wesithuthi esilinganisiweyo ubonakala ngokwaneleyo.
Ingxaki: Emva kofakelo, ivenkile ifumanisa ukuba ilifti inikezelwe njengolungiselelo lwenkonzo ngokubanzi. Ii-turntables zangaphambili azizange zibandakanywe, iindlela zeenqwelo-moya ezingasemva azinazo i-slip-plate setup efunekayo, kwaye ivenkile ayinayo i-rolling jack yomsebenzi wokunqunyanyiswa ongenamavili.
Unobangela: I-RFQ ikhankanye uhlobo lokuphakamisa kunye nomthamo kodwa ayizange iquke imvulophu yesithuthi seworkshop, i-hardware yokulungelelanisa, i-rolling-jack workflow, okanye uluhlu lwe-accessory olubandakanyiweyo.
Isisombululo: Ukuthenga okuhlaziyiweyo, ivenkile ikhupha i-matrix yoqwalaselo olugquma iwheelbase/uluhlu lwengoma, imilinganiselo yomgaqo weenqwelo-moya, indawo ezijikayo, iipleyiti zokutyibilika ezingasemva, iijekhi eziqengqelekayo, ubume bebhay, idatha yomgangatho, amandla/umoya, kunye nojongano lwezixhobo zolungelelwaniso. Umthengisi makamakishe yonke into njengebandakanyiweyo, ayikhethe, ayihambelani, okanye efuna enye isiqinisekiso.
Ixabiso leSigqibo soMthengi: Iworkshop ithenga i-bay yokulungelelanisa njengenkqubo enye yokusebenza kunokuphatha i-lift, iipleyiti, iijekhi, kunye nokulungelelanisa njengezixhobo ezingahambelaniyo.
Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayiqhelanise kwiiNtelekelelo zokuPhakanyiswa kwePost ezine?
| Indawo yeRFQ | Kufuneka impendulo yoMboneleli | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
| Phakamisa imodeli kunye nohlengahlengiso olulinganisiweyo | Imodeli echanekileyo, umthamo wokuphakamisa, umzobo / ireferensi yesandla | Inqanda ukuthelekisa iintsapho zemveliso yegeneric. |
| Imilinganiselo yomgaqo weenqwelomoya enokusetyenziswa | Ubude, ububanzi, izithuba kunye nemvulophu yesithuthi exhaswayo | Iqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesithuthi. |
| Iitafile ezijikajikayo | Ibandakanyiwe / ukhetho, ubungakanani bepokotho / indawo, indlela yokutshixa, ukuhambelana | Iqinisekisa umsebenzi wolungelelwaniso lwangaphambili. |
| Iipleyiti zokutyibilika ngasemva | Ibandakanyiwe/ukhetho, indawo kunye noluhlu lwamavili oluxhaswayo | Iqinisekisa intshukumo yokunqunyanyiswa yangasemva. |
| Iijacks eziqengqelekayo | Ubungakanani, umthamo, uluhlu lweendawo zokuphakamisa, iiadaptha, umthombo wamandla | Iqinisekisa inkonzo yamavili. |
| Ukuhlohla | Umgangatho / isiseko, amandla, umoya, i-ankile kunye neemfuno zokugunyazisa | Inqanda ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwendawo. |
| Amaxwebhu | Iincwadana, imizobo, uluhlu lwamacandelo, iwaranti kunye neerekhodi zokwamkelwa | Ixhasa ukufakwa kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa. |
Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayibeke kwi-RFQ yokuPhakanyiswa kweeMoto ezine?
Thumela umxube wenkonzo yeworkshop, isithuthi senza / iiklasi, ubuncinci kunye nobuninzi be-wheelbase, ububanzi bomzila, ubuninzi bezithuthi kunye nemithwalo ye-asi, ububanzi betayara, iimfuno eziphantsi, imilinganiselo yendlela yeenqwelomoya efunwayo, i-turntable / slip-plate imfuneko, ubungakanani be-rolling-jack kunye nomthamo, i-bay dimensions, indlela yokusondela, umgangatho / isiseko solwazi, ukunikezelwa kombane kunye nokunyanzeliswa kolwazi, ukunikezelwa kombane kunye nokunyanzeliswa kombane. umda wofakelo/wokuthuma.
Buza iChentuo ukuba ichaze ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinxulumene-nolungelelwaniso ezibandakanyiweyo kubumbeko olucetywayo kwaye ezilukhetho. Ungacingi ukuba imodeli yeposi emine ilungelelanisiwe-ilungile ukusuka kulwakhiwo lokuphakamisa kuphela.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Ingaba kukho nasiphi na isinyusi semoto esinezithuba ezine esinokusetyenziselwa ulungelelwaniso lwamavili?
Hayi. Ukuphakanyiswa kwezithuba ezine kungasetyenziselwa inkonzo jikelele ngaphandle kwe-turntable, i-rear slip-plate, i-runway, i-level, okanye i-jacking amalungiselelo afunwa yinkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-workshop.
Kutheni le nto iiturntable zangaphambili zisetyenziswa kwi lift yokulungelelanisa?
Bavumela amavili aqhutywayo ukuba ahambe ngexesha leenkqubo zokulungelelanisa ezifana ne-steering / caster sweep. Inkcazo echanekileyo ye-turntable kunye nendawo kufuneka ihambelane nokuphakama kunye noluhlu lwesithuthi.
Kutheni zibalulekile iipleyiti zasemva?
Bavumela amavili angasemva kunye nokumiswa ukuba kuhlale ecaleni ngexesha lohlengahlengiso lolungelelwaniso. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iipleyiti zigubungela uluhlu olucetywayo lwewheelbase kwaye zibandakanyiwe kwikowuti.
Ngaba ndifuna ijekhi enye okanye ezimbini eziqengqelekayo?
Kuxhomekeke kuhambo lweworkshop. Ukuba i-bay kufuneka yenze umsebenzi wangaphambili kunye ne-axle yangasemva ngaphandle kokuhambisa isithuthi, iijekhi ezimbini zinokuthi zifanelekile, kodwa ubuninzi kunye nomthamo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe umxube wesithuthi.
Ngaba umthamo wokuphakamisa wanele ukukhetha ubungakanani bomgaqo weenqwelo-moya?
Hayi. I-wheelbase yemoto, ububanzi bomzila, ububanzi betayara, i-axle load, kunye ne-geometry yokusondela kunokunciphisa ukufaneleka ngaphambi kokuba ubunzima besithuthi buphelele.
Ingaba ucweyo kufuneka luqinisekise njani ukuba ilifti yaseChentuo ilungile?
Cela umzobo ochanekileyo okanye iphepha loqwalaselo elibonisa iipokotho ezijikayo, iipleyiti ezityibilikayo, imilinganiselo yendlela yokubaleka, iijekhi ezihambelanayo, kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanyiweyo. Uluhlu lwangoku lwemveliso ye-CT609 yodwa akufanele iphathwe njengobungqina be-hardware yokulungelelanisa.
Loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka luthunyelwe kwikoteyishini?
Thumela idatha yemoto-mvulophu, umxube wenkonzo, iimfuno zendlela yeenqwelo-moya, i-hardware yolungelelwaniso, iimfuno ze-rolling-jack, i-bay kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho, idatha yamandla / yomoya, iimfuno zamaxwebhu, indawo yokufikela, kunye nokulindela ukufakela.
Cela uPhononongo lokuLungiselela iBay
Ukuze ufumane i-quotation ye-post-alignment-bay quotation, thumela i-Chentuo i-wheelbase yesithuthi, ububanzi bomkhondo kunye nobunzima, umxube wenkonzo, ii-turntable ezifunekayo kunye neepleyiti ze-slip, iimfuno ze-rolling-jack, i-bay layout, umgangatho / idatha yesiseko, amandla kunye neemeko zomoya, ujongano lwezixhobo, iimfuno zamaxwebhu, kunye nendawo Qhagamshelana nathi iphepha. I-Chentuo inokuphonononga uluhlu lwayo lokunyuswa kwemoto ngokuchasene naloo magalelo kwaye ichonge ukuba zeziphi izinto zokuphakamisa kunye nezixhobo ezisafuna ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba umyalelo ukhululwe.



